Argumentative Paper Euthanasia - 2132 Words

Should Euthanasia be legalized? Because of remarkable advances in medical technology pharmacology that can artificially prolong a patient’s life, the field of medical ethics has been confronted with a new controversy: the legalization of euthanasia and physician assisted suicide. The word Euthanasia comes from the Greek word for â€Å"eus† which means godly or well, and â€Å"thanathos† which literally means death (F.A. Davis Company, 2001, p. 476). Before its contemporary use, the word euthanasia meant a peaceful, quiet way to depart from earth. However, in modern times, this concept has sparked an incredible controversy. Today, the word euthanasia also commonly, but wrongfully, used for the practices of physician-assisted suicide (PAS).†¦show more content†¦Literally the oath reads â€Å"†¦that I will exercise my art solely for the cure of my patients, and will give no drug, perform no operation for a criminal purpose, even if solicited, far less suggested† (North, 2002) . In addition, they assert, that euthanasia and PAS violates their principals of nonmaleficence (the belief of not inflicting harm on an individual) (Beauchamp Childress, 1989, p. 194) and beneficence (positive acts of preventing harm, removing harm, and promoting good) (1989, p. 121). Additionally they claim that such crucial end of life decisions can be reduced by proper and suitable palliative care, and efficient pharmaceutical pain management (Hendin, 2004, p. 9). Opponents of euthanasia and PAS also maintain that the sanctity of life overrules the right to personal freedom and choice. Religion and cultural background play a major role in those attitudes. Some claim that â€Å"the concept that an individual has a right to die is rejected on the basis that death is inevitability, not a right† (Ledger, 2007, p. 81). Others quote the six commandment of the Christian faith that states â€Å"thou shall not kill (murder)† (Exodus 20:6). Christians believe that human lif e is sacred. The Catechism of the Catholic Church number 2281 denounces the act of suicide as a contradiction to â€Å"the natural inclination of the human being to preserve and perpetuate his life† (Catholic Online, 2008). InShow MoreRelated Argumentative Paper: Legalizing Euthanasia1728 Words   |  7 Pagesdeath is a desired alternative to living in agony. Euthanasia has been a topic of debate since antiquity, and both sides stand firm on their beliefs. The right to choose death is illegal in most countries. I believe in people’s freedom to do what they please with their own bodies. The basic right of liberty is what America was founded on. Euthanasia should be a legal option. It’s important to start by understanding the different types of euthanasia. Allowing someone to die is, â€Å"Forgoing or withdrawingRead MoreEssay on Euthanasia Needs to be a Legal Option1376 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia Needs to be a Legal Option    Warren Hauser is dying. Should the Supreme Court decide that terminally ill Americans have a constitutional right to commit suicide with a doctors help, he would qualify. Emphysema and valvular heart disease have left him debilitated and physically dependent (Byock). For terminally ill patients like Warren, where death is inevitable and would be less painful than living, euthanasia should be a legal option. Euthanasia is Greek for easy or happy deathRead MoreContemporary Moral Issue Essay2709 Words   |  11 Pagesthrough response papers, quizzes and essays); learn how to evaluate the arguments they encounter and to build arguments of their own; assume an active and responsible role in the classroom, whether during lectures, discussions, debates, or other group activities; and respectfully engage with views contrary to their own. Course Requirements: 1 mid-term essay – 10% of your final grade 1 final essay – 25% of your final grade 4 response papers – each of these brief and informal papers is worth 5%Read MoreWork: Scientific Method and Exploratory Research1888 Words   |  8 Pagesgiven topic and from the answers obtained develop new and useful ways of doing things. Critical thinking is a method of thinking that puts assumptions into question to decide whether a given claim is true or false. When writing an analytical research paper, you must perform a variety of tasks beforehand. The first step is to formulate a thesis and then gather your sources that will be used. The sources should then be evaluated for accuracy. Everything should then be meticulously documented. There areRead MoreEthics and Government2590 Words   |  11 Pagesalso a theory or a system of moral values (Merriman/Webster online dictionary). Government Ethics is often times referred to an oxy-moron. The reason for this is that many believe that our government does not have ethics in decision making. In this paper I will attempt to analyze the links between laws and ethics and how they have a relationship with one another. I will also explain how our government and ethics have a connection and how this connection can be made better. In recent months thereRead MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 Pages get the gist of what he is reading even though he may not know the meaning o f individual words. A DESCRIPTION OF THE MATERIAL Layout For and Against consists of thirty exercises each one of which is laid 2 out on facing pages. An argumentative essay always appears on the left-hand page; and two sets of notes appear on the right-hand page. Left-hand Pages: The Passages Each essay is approximately 500 words in length and argues in favour of a proposition. The passages are not academic

The Influence and Use of Technology in Nursing - 1429 Words

Modern technology and informatics rapidly expended into practically all aspects of our everyday life and have become virtually the â€Å"second skin† or the â€Å"second nature† for the present generations. Contemporary nursing practice must employ technological advances into everyday client-oriented nursing process with the ultimate goal of improving the quality and safety of holistic and humanistic client care. In this paper I will explore the role of nurses in the process of implementation of technology into the client-centered care, an influence the present-day technology exerts on the nursing process by the example of a role it plays in medication administration, benefits and possible drawbacks the modern technology brings into the professional nursing, discuss decisive steps the practical nursing has to take to keep pace with modern dynamics of the new technological era. The introduction of computer technologies not only dramatically changed the everyday life of humanity, but it has been constantly shaping our present since the invention of the first computing machine and the development of the first informatics technologies. I also believe that the modern technology has revolutionized the way of how the nursing care is delivered today to the clients and continue to shape the nursing process with steady and constant substantial infusions of new materials, techniques and approaches to the everyday nursing practice. For the modern practicing nurse such technologic solutions asShow MoreRelatedHealth Care, Different Types Of Data, Information, And Knowledge Of Nurses981 Words   |  4 Pagesinformatics influences the field of nursing in a multitude of ways. Furthermore, informatics paves a way for great change in health care, in which the nurse assumes a responsibility to implement and evaluate these technological advances. With many issues surrounding informatics in health care, the nursing student must identify what influences informatics has in nursing; what changes informatics has on health care and what role nursing plays in those changes; and what responsibility the nursing studentRead MoreEvidence Based Practice For Palliative Care1157 Words   |  5 PagesEvidence-based practice (EBP) in hospice care indicates use of palliative care in collaboration with hospice care. Palliative care goes hand in hand with hospice care, because palliative care is concentrated on providing relief from the pain and symptoms of serious illnesses. The goals of palliative care are to improve quality of life for both the patient and the family. Therefore, principals that are used in the palliative care can be directly related to the hospice care. The 76th World HealthRead MoreThe Influence of Ethical Issues on Information Technology Usage1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe Influence of Ethical Issues on Information Technology Usage Use of computers poses a new challenge for privacy. Privacy is a state of mind, specific place freedom from intrusion or control over the exposure of self of personal information (Czar, 2013). In this day and age, many new rules come into play on how to protect the privacy of the patient. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of ethical use and the unethical issues faced with the use of technology, as well as theRead MoreThe Role Of Simulation For Nursing Education Essay1133 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The explosion in the use of simulation has occurred because of Aspect 1: Factors That Have Led to an Increase in Simulation in Nursing Education Appraising factors leading to an increase in the use of simulation for nursing education allows for understanding how to further develop the pedagogy used with simulation. Analyzing what has influenced its rise in use allows for insight and planning for future technology developments. Most of today’s nurses can recall only using low-fidelityRead MoreUnderstanding the Science Rationale for the Best Course of Action in Nursing1715 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Nursing research is a major force in nursing and it has been judged as non-cumulative, which is neither helpful nor beneficial for Nursing Science (Kirkevold, 1997). Nursing research makes clear contributions to the development of evidence based nursing practice. Science is used in nursing when â€Å"scientists develop theories to describe, explain, predict, and control the world around us and test their theories with experiments. When we understand the scientific rationale for our actionsRead MoreNursing Theorist, Hildegard Peplau Knew That In Order To1533 Words   |  7 PagesNursing theorist, Hildegard Peplau knew that in order to care for patients, the nurse must establish a strong relationship with the patient. This is an essential element in being able to provide adequate planning, diagnosing, and the successful treatment of patients. Personally, my desire to learn more about Peplau’s theory is because it is a very significant quality to have as a nurse. Nursing is a very interpersonal career, and by forming trusting relationships with patients early in one’s nursingRead MoreThe Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act ( Hipaa )899 Words   |  4 Pagesincorporate it into effective nursing interventions and care plans. As technology increasingly arises in health care, nurses have the duty to maintain privacy and confidentiality of their patient. Therefore, nurses must be proficient in nursing informatics, are responsible for adequate information and documentation, and must abide the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) to safeguard their client’s personal health information. Informatics: Nursing and Health Care InformaticsRead MoreSt. Vincent Medical Center1081 Words   |  5 Pagescommitment to patient safety and has several mandatory programs for employees that include: relationship-based care and high reliability. As a Magnet designated organization, the nursing professional practice model is well defined, and facilitated through shared governance councils (St. Vincent’s Medical Center, 2012). The nursing leadership model is traditional with the exceptions of the (CNO) who also act as the chief operating officer (COO). There are NVP that are assigned to each service line, asRead MoreThe Rising Of A New Nurse Leader1404 Words   |  6 Pagesmanage a team. She is aware and knowledgeable of the inevitable changes occurring in the nursing field. She is highly capable in setting up strategies for conflict resolution and culturally competent with such capacity in achieving high performance in a diverse healthcare team. Most importantly, her leadership promotes the use and advancement of Information Technology, enhancing the value and status of the nursing profession for the sake of patient safety and quality care. A professional nurse is aRead MoreTeamwork, Collaboration And Informatics For Nursing880 Words   |  4 PagesInformatics in Nursing The nursing field is caring, dependable, and effective. None of which could be accomplished without teamwork, collaboration and informatics. I believe these concepts are fundamental in the nursing profession. Nurses must work with other healthcare staff, the patients and their families to provide patient-centered and quality care. The use of informatics enhance both the quality of care the clients receive and the teamwork and collaboration aspect of nursing. No one nurse can

Video free essay sample

The following video discusses internal storage. The optical store is the most obvious storage is the optical drive. An optical drive is 5 and h inches wide. The DVD writer is the most common optical drive. All drives have common features, a laser, a servile motor and a spindle. A disc drive functions by reading the various little bumps on the pits. The hard drive of the computer follows 3. 5 and 2. 5 in dimensions. Hard drives have very similar features but replacing pieces is difficult. Mechanical hard drives spin at 7200 rpm. The following video is about displays and the most common type of computer onitor is the LCD model. Sizes range from 17 inches to 30 inches and it is composed of a liquid crystal matrix and a black light. Moreover, the most popular type of LCD panels is the TN or IPS panels. The viewing angle is the biggest difference between both. Also, a black light in the LCD screen is what provides the actual brightness. We will write a custom essay sample on Video or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, most screens are using LEDS as backup sources of light providing more powerful lights. Finally, packing more pixels means that each pixel in the screen will be smaller. In this video it is possible to learn about input devices. The keyboard and mouse are the standard input devices. In addition, keyboards come in numerous shapes and sizes but certain features must be standardized such as the position of the letter. Also, infradiation requires a direct line of sight. Also, cordless devices use radio frequency (RF) and can reach of range to 30ft. Additionally, it is important to know that touch screen technology can be used as pointing devices. Finally, the standard resolution for image quality of scanners starts at 300 dpi. The following video talks about the operating system. OS is a piece of software use to accomplish tasks on the computer. Currently, there are 3 popular forms of operating ystems for home which are windows by Microsoft, Mac OS by Apple and Linux for many software companies. Pursuing this further, it is crucial to risk of viruses can be minimized by installing proper anti-virus programs and for the user to be vigilant. Moreover, the latest version of windows for desktop and mobile devices tries to unify the experience across platforms. Finally, the name of Apples other OS produced for operating phones and tablets is IOS. The following video talks about computer sound and music. Sound in computers did not become prevalent until the early 1980s. In addition, the Built-in speakers are sually the weakest point of the integrated sound processing hardware because of their small size and limited budget. Additionally, for musicians capturing voice use microphones with professional standards and are normally equipped with an XLR type connector which is quite expensive. Finally, a professional sound hardware can store digital sound at 2 ts per sample. Finally, the various sizes tor midi keyboards are 25, 3249, 61 and 88 keys. The following video talks about personal computing platforms. To begin with, there are 4 personal computing platforms which are available today (desktops, laptops, tablets and Smartphones). A major milestone in personal computing happened with the introduction of Apple II, in 1977. Since then, computer companies have been able to provide consumers with computing platforms of various sizes, speeds and confgurations. Also, a simple change or an upgrade of parts can turn a typical gaming machine into a semi-professional 3D modelling system. Moreover, it is beneficial to know that a laptop is typically composed of a folding screen ranging from 11. 5 to 18 inches. A laptop integrates all of the features in the desktop in a lighter package. Lastly, the OS is the interface between the system and the user.

Karma And Dharma Are Central To Buddhism Hinduism Religion Essay Essay Example

Karma And Dharma Are Central To Buddhism Hinduism Religion Essay Paper There are two major influential faiths in Asia that are distributing rapidly all over the universe. They are Hinduism and Buddhism. There is a misconception that surrounds these two words, moksha and enlightenment, they are non the same even though the two constructs may look similar. In the undermentioned essay I will separate the different apprehensions and readings of these two constructs and so I will compare and contrast the differences and the similarities. The construct of moksha in Hinduism and the construct of enlightenment in Buddhism are the cardinal focal point of these two faiths. Both of these constructs have their different ways of accomplishing their end and they have differences. I will compose two different readings of moksha in Hinduism and the attacks of two philosophical schools that emerged to learn the attack of how moksa can be attained. I will make the same for enlightenment in Buddhism, traveling into inside informations of different apprehension of this con struct and I will reason with analysing the similarities and contrasts of these constructs which are followed in the same street, merely are located in opposing pavements. We will write a custom essay sample on Karma And Dharma Are Central To Buddhism Hinduism Religion Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Karma And Dharma Are Central To Buddhism Hinduism Religion Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Karma And Dharma Are Central To Buddhism Hinduism Religion Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Moksa itself in Sanskrit linguistic communication means release and its significance is to be liberated from the rhythms of sansara, reincarnation, and the strivings and the agony of karma by accomplishing immortality through ageless truth. Different Hindu doctrines schools emerged in India, each with the construing their ain apprehension of moksha. One of these philosophic schools was Vedanta which was divided in different bomber schools with each of their ain readings of moksha. One of those is Shankar s Advaita Vedanta School where they perceive that moksha can be acquired merely when the human psyche realizes that it is one being with the Brahman. Harmonizing to them, a individual can merely accomplish moksha when he realizes the truth in himself that his psyche is portion of Brahman and Brahman is portion of his psyche, or atman as they name it, and one time this Manichaean attack has been acknowledged so the individual has achieved his true signifier, he has been enlighten and has broken free from the rhythm of reincarnation, sansara. The lone manner a individual can make this is by self attempt. On the other manus, Ramanuja s Vishishtadvaita Vedanta School promoted another attack to accomplish moksha. They followed another way which is idolizing the God Vishnu. Their theistic attack taught people that by acknowledging the psyche, affair, and God, anyone can obtain moksha by an easier manner which connects people on a personal degree with the Supreme Being. Nirvana in Buddhism is understood as the terminal of enduring. There is non a clear definition of enlightenment as it can be understood in many different ways but it is the highest religious accomplishment which dissolves strivings, choler, greed, desire and all signifiers that create enduring. In Buddhism three major cardinal schools emerged to learn the manner of enlightenment, and those were Vajrayana, Mahayana, and Theravada but I will concentrate on the last two philosophies. Theravada philosophy emphasises on the apprehension of enlightenments can be reached when the individual realises the true nature of world and has an waking up of itself. These people are called arahants. This can be achieved through many lifetime religious persuasions of enlightenment where the individual has broken off from the rhythms of metempsychosis, and has became a Buddha, a bodhi which has the same significance as enlightenment, the enlighten. Mahayana philosophy on the other manus has developed an other apprehension of enlightenments. They believe that Buddha is non merely a human figure but a supreme being that we can non even perceive of its illustriousness and helps us accomplish enlightenment. This means that we are still capable to delusion even though enlightenment has been attained, alternatively bodhi has a higher rank in religious accomplishment and one time bodhi has been attained, a individual can go Buddha. In Hinduism the construct of reincarnation refers to an ageless component that travels from one life to another. This element takes different signifiers and forms of different living things among its ageless life. This is the psyche, or the atman as it is called in Hinduism. In contrast, Buddhism has the construct of metempsychosis which is the continuance of the province of head in a different human being but non its psyche since its account is that a batch religious events had to go on to make the 2nd life signifier and yet non a different individual due to the causality relation. Thus we can see the difference clearly of Nirvana where there is the realisation achievement of the discontinuation of individualism and Moksha is the fulfillment acquisition of the truth of the affinity of your psyche, atman, and Brahman. In both instances, individualism is lost but in different apprehension and readings. Both faiths have a batch of nomenclature and even names of divinities in common, but in about every individual instance, the significance is really different both believe in reincarnation/rebirth, but the reading is really different ; both believe in karma, but the reading is somewhat different ; both believe in samsara ( the rhythm of metempsychosis and agony ) and release from samsara ( moksha/nirvana ) , but the reading is widely different, particularly about release ; both have yoga, tantra, Dharma, mantra, and so on, but frequently mean wholly different things with the words ; the significance of Gods or divinities is grossly different in Hinduism several of them are of import objects of fear, even seen as emanations of the supreme God ( Brahman ) , whereas they are neer objects of fear or supplication in Buddhism, merely seen as deluded animate existences who will finally decease and be reborn in a new organic structure merely like you and me. They strive for an interior peac e, and eventually to make heaven through either moksha or enlightenment.

Headcrash Essays - Virtual Reality, Bruce Bethke, Cyberspace

Headcrash By Bruce Bethke It takes place in the year 2005. The world has become a world controlled by computers and large multi-billion dollar companies. Our lead character, Jack Burroughs, has an adventure in Cyberspace (on the Internet). In order to understand the plot, one must understand the technology of the time. While most people today have a dial up TCP/IP connection to the Internet running at speeds up to 56Kbs, the Internet connections at that time where immensely greater then what we have today. In the year 2005, one is able to strap on a Virtual Reality suite and actually browse the Internet in real time, meaning a super fast connection to the Internet Now, where does Jack Burroughs fit into all of this? Well, quite frankly, he doesn't really have much to do with it, except that Jack is an employee of MIS, a branch of an immensely large company. His branch of the company provides hardware, software, data, and network support to all the other subsidiaries. The way that the internet and Virtual Reality relates is the fact that Jack spends a lot time in his mothers basement playing around with his VR headset, and other various accessories, in a virtual, multi user dimensional VirtualBar called Heaven. He masquerades around under the alias, MAX_KOOL with his friend, Gunner, or Joe LeMat. The plot of the story really starts to develop when MAX_KOOL is offered a hacking job by an amorous woman named Amber. He is offered 1 million dollars for the job. Having lost his job with MIS just recently, (oh ya, I forgot to mention that. Oh well, now you know) he accepts it. Jack and Joe decide to work together on this one. They take the $10,000 in money to rent a room in an office. Being a very complicated job, Amber sends Jack some new experimental interface to help him. With all the new interface plugged in (and with the ProctoProd sung in its place), Jack and Joe realize that the new interface makes them "Super Users". Super Users can do thing in Cyberspace that defies the laws of the Internet. They are infinitely fast, strong, and see and do things that no one else can do. After setting up their equipment, Jack gets ready to hack into MIS's computer system with his new equipment (Oh ya, he's first assigned to steal files from his old employer, MIS, which he doesn't mind doing.) Being a natural Cybergeek, Jack has no problems. He gets the files and returns them to Amber. It turns out that this last run was just a test set up to test MAX_KOOL's skills. Satisfied with his performance, they get ready to do the real heist, to acquire evidence that this author stole the only copy of another author's book and published it as his own. With the help of some other folk, Jack and Joe brake into the "Castle Frankistilen". In the castle, nothing goes as planned. They go though many different virtual scenarios, and in the end, the alarms goes off as they get the info and the Nazi guards start pouring in. When Jack gets the info, Amber double-crosses him and takes it. After all this confusion, they are all captured and are taken to a mock trial, (with a teddy bear as a judge and a bird as a defense attorney, etc.). The reason for the trial was that the computers in Cyberspace got mad at all the Super Users and decided that either they are going to control everyone or go to a dessert island. This comes to that and Jack is sent off to the island. It turns out that the "Island" is not and island. Jack walks to the other side and gets a job as a towel boy at some hotel, which concludes our story. In this book, I believe that there weren't many major conflicts. The major conflicts are as follows: Person vs. Person and person vs. self. Person vs. person is shown throughout the book. Jack is always in conflict with something, if it's his mother, all the way to Jack vs. Eliza. The more obvious person vs. person was with Jack and Eliza, or with Jack and Melinda. Since Melinda was Jack's boss, they were always arguing and threatening each other. Eliza actually attacked Jack many times in cyberspace in the book, showing a very obvious person vs. person conflict. Person vs. self is shown through jack's alter ego "MAX_KOOL". Jack secretly longs to be like MAX_KOOL,

How Globalization Has Contributed To Transnational Crime Including Drug Trafficking And Human Trafficking The WritePass Journal

How Globalization Has Contributed To Transnational Crime Including Drug Trafficking And Human Trafficking Introduction How Globalization Has Contributed To Transnational Crime Including Drug Trafficking And Human Trafficking from: cfr.org/transnational-crime/globalization-affects-transnational-crime Jones, A. (2010). Globalization. Key Thinkers. Cambridge: Polity Press, John Wiley Sons. ISBN 0745643221 Kohler, G. and Chaves E. J. (eds.) (2003). Globalization: Critical Perspectives. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers. ISBNÂ  1-59033-346-2. Nelken, D. (2008). Globalization and the growth of transnational crime, in McCusker, R. (ed.) Transnational Crime: A global perspective, The Marketing Management Collection, London: Henry Stewart Talks Ltd. Sangiovanni, E. (2005). Trans National Networks and New Security Threats, Cambridge review of International Affairs, No. 18:1 UNODC, (2010). The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. ISBN: 978-92-1-130295-0

Starting A Business Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Starting A Business - Personal Statement Example I got candle (manufacturing) business is most appropriate for me. For idea generation I used the approach is market driven and the method used is "Growth Products" by which I tried to clearly perceive and think of growing products, which have experienced a regular and remarkable growth in demand. As I found that electricity problem is a greater problem here and during nighttime a few areas covered by electricity so people have to use oil lamp as alternative but the price of oil is out of their capability of purchase so, candle will be the best alternative for them and yet there is no candle manufacturer company. As the market is huge and no threat of competitor except some substitutes so the market has no entry or exit barrier and the profitability is high enough (shown in table below). As this business require a very little investment of BDT 10,00,000 ($20,000) the risk is very low and no intervention should comes from government as Govt. always encourage investing in this country a t any sector. The project is about 20 years. And Govt. of Bangladesh had a contact with China to work on Development in Electricity sector after 30 years as a project of water plant is already running. So till the completion of my target deadline my project is secure enough. Along with assumption, SWOT analysi

ROLE OF THE NURSE IN SUBSTANCE MISUSE Literature review

ROLE OF THE NURSE IN SUBSTANCE MISUSE - Literature review Example While education and health response should constantly be designed individually to suit the unique needs of patients, this is particularly vital to those who are experiencing substance misuse problems. This paper discusses the role of nurses in substance misuses and reflects on how this role can benefit clients/patients and can meet the demands of best practice guidelines and legislation challenges. Self-reported substance misuse in the UK indicates that roughly ten percent of adolescents and older adults use drugs yearly, and more than ninety percent drink consume alcohol (Straussner 2004). A few of these people experience working with primary care nurses. Individuals with substance misuse problems encounter a broad array of social care and health practitioners. Expectedly, several practitioners have recognised inadequacies in the education and training for treating substance misuse (Cann & De Belleroche 2002). All these issues are discussed here. Corresponding to the widespread enla rged demand for nursing services for patients with substance misuse issues, the role of the nurse has expanded remarkably in the recent decade. Nurses working with substance misusers work in diverse contexts with substance misusers, and have varied health care perceptions and strategies. According to Joel and Kelly (2002), their tasks involve assessing the needs of substance misusers, determining best possible treatment, counselling, and performing required treatment methods. Nursing Substance Misusers Several empirical findings show that the role of the nurse working with substance misusers can be especially nerve-racking and challenging (Wagner & Waldron 2001). This is primarily because of the growing demand for expert skills and knowledge in areas like counselling, assessment, promoting the participation of patients in the decision-making process, communication, organisational aspects like lack of support, education and training for staff, loss of financial assistance, and modifi cations in services (Sullivan 1995). The roles of the substance misuse nurse, as stated by Mike Bell (as cited in Newell 1998): (1) nurses interact personally with substance misusers; (2) nurses evaluate the patient’s needs and develop their strong points; (3) nurses operate within specific areas; (4) nurses are responsible for their own decisions and actions; and (5) nurses collaborate with one another to provide the best services to substance misusers. Florence Nightingale (1912) expressed the importance of the nurse’s role in his statement: I solemnly declare that I have seen or known of fatal accidents, such as suicides in delirium tremens, bleedings to death, dying patients dragged out of bed by drunken medical staff corps men and many other things less patent and striking, which would not have happened in London Civil Hospitals nursed by women (Nightingale 1912, 28). It is probable that there are differences in the expectations and role of substance misuse nurses all over the UK, relying on context and setting. For instance, health organisations may follow different guidelines; different groups in primary care may also differ in the extent of decision making entrusted to drug specialist nurses, concerning recommendation and treatment (Shaw 2002). The following sections discuss the professional and personal skills needed by substance misuse nurses to adequately fulfil their challenging roles and satisfy best practice

MANAGING THE HUMAN RESOURCE Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

MANAGING THE HUMAN RESOURCE - Case Study Example However, entrepreneurial skills vary according the core nature of individual entrepreneurs. For example, Nelson Mandela and Bill Gates have different entrepreneurial skills as former more focuses on social entrepreneurial skills and later have entrepreneurial skills in terms for business and innovation business perspective. Many scholars and critics have presented their views and understating in explaining rationale behind the entrepreneurial skills among the people and at the same time, they have also categorized them in their core orientations. John B. Miner has identified four types of entrepreneurs i.e. â€Å"The Personal Achiever†, â€Å"The Supersalesperson†, â€Å"The Real Managers† and â€Å"The Expert Idea Generator† (Miner, 1996, p.4). On the other hand there are other groups of scholars who have their own perspectives in this regard. As per them, some of other types of entrepreneurs are like social entrepreneurs, lifestyle entrepreneurs, wealth creation entrepreneurs etc. However, there are certain common traits which are present in all types of entrepreneurs and these traits are responsible for shaping their entrepreneurial skills. ... The project describes the management styles used by Murdoch in running his corporations. An analysis has also been provided with regard to the leadership styles followed by him to exercise control over his employees. Rupert Murdoch has been responsible for growing the giant mammoth of the media company, News Corporation from a very small; newspaper in Australia. It became one of the largest and the most influential media groups of the world. Murdoch has been able to gain immense power with the rapid expansion of the global media company. His company includes television, cable network programming, filmed entertainment, book publishing, direct broadcasting, magazines and even newspapers in Australia, United States, UK and Europe. Question 1 Entrepreneurial style of Murdoch and its impact on business Corporate entrepreneurship has lately evoked significant interest among the management practitioners and the academicians in the world. It is referred to as entrepreneurship in the establis hed organisations and firms. It includes the set of activities characterized by proactiveness, risk taking and innovation which manifests themselves as acquisitions and mergers, licensing, franchising, research and development, contacting and divestment among other. Explorations of the theme of entrepreneurships have relevance in this regard as it seeks to identify how organisations are able to attain sustainable growth through this entrepreneurship. Analysis of the above issues provides an advantage for the other organisations for charting out a path (Jauhari, 2004, p.1). The project aims to put forward the conceptual framework of entrepreneurship of

Strategies for Loan Repayment Rates

Strategies for Loan Repayment Rates INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION Lack of access to the formal credit facility through formal banking and financial institutions has been one of the major hurdles faced by the poor people of the developing countries. There are two main reasons widely discussed. Firstly, the commercial banks and institutions think that the loan demanded by the poor people are in very small amount and it is not economical for the banks to grant these loans. Secondly, these poor people often failed to provide any collateral, this makes their loan requirements risky, and conventional banks and institutions avoid entertaining these types of loans (Secondi, 2008). The solution to these problems was provided by microfinance programs. The primary objective of microfinance programs around the world is to reduce the poverty by providing small loans to the neglected poor people without the condition of collateral. Microfinance has gained a considerable appreciation over the past three decades due to its mechanism of providing the credit access to the neglected poor people. In pursuit of the fight against poverty, small loans were provided by the microfinance institutions (MFIs) to the poor people so that they may utilize them to establish small businesses or expand their existing business and achieve self sufficiency. However, there has been considerable differences in the rate of interest charged on these loans by the various MFIs, repayment rates and level of self sufficiency achieved by the borrowers around the different regions of the developing countries (Ahlin et al 2011). MFIs normally use group lending methodology to expand the credit access to the poors. This methodology helps the microfinance clients to keep a check on the proper utilization of the loan amount and also allowing only those individuals to be the part of the group who possess a good moral and financial reputation in their society. Eventually, much of the lenders responsibility of the supervision is shifted on to the group members. This helps the group members to effectively control the problems arising from incomplete information on the financial health of the individuals intending to join the group (Armendariz and Morduch, 2005). It has been viewed that the group loan given under joint liability lending contracts play an effective role in enforcing the contract conditions of loan repayments through peer monitoring by the group members. Under the joint/ group liability contracts, each group member is responsible for the repayment of the loan in case of any member reports default. Ther efore, each group member act as guarantor for the others. It had been argued by various researchers that in a joint liability contracts the group members are well informed about their fellow group members compared to the MFIs or banks. Therefore, this peer monitoring by the group members is much more effective and a cheaper than the MFI’s (or bank’s) monitoring (Varian, 1990: Stiglitz, 1990 and Banerjee et al 1994). There are a number of studies[1] suggesting that the group liability programs work better in addressing the problem incomplete information faced by the lenders and banks, as much of the responsibility has been shifted to the group members, resultantly lowering the cost faced by the MFIs. Some studies such as Tassel, 199 and Ghatak, 1999 argued that the in group liability loans, the self selection of the group members helps in reducing the problem of incomplete information and can generate higher repayment rates. There are various laboratory experimental studies tried to investigate the group liability loans and effects of peer monitoring on repayment rates. Such as, Cason et al (2009) in their study found that even the monitoring was a costly activity and subjects were required to pay the cost of monitoring, but still the group partners preferred to monitor each other. They also observed that when the cost of monitoring paid by the group members was less than the cost paid by the len der, the group liability programs performed better than the individual liability programs. They also pointed out that in the absence of difference in monitoring cost (among group monitoring cost and lender’s cost), the repayment behavior of the subjects remained almost similar in both group and individual lending cases. In another study conducted by Kono (2006) in Vietman, reported that even in the presence of monitoring and imposition of penalties to the defaulters, the default rates were higher in group liability cases compared to the individual liability cases. There are few studies explaining the importance of social ties between the group members towards effective monitoring and loan repayment rates. There are a number of ways the social ties can be effective, one of the most important factors is the full information about the group members. This complete information makes it is much easier for the group members to monitor their fellow partners, and if required they can enforce the contract terms (Besley and Coate, 1995, Abbink et al 2006). However, we were interested in investigating the effect of peer monitoring and choice of microfinance contracts on the loan repayments. The peer monitoring has been discussed extensively in the literature, however, the evidence on the choice of microfinance contracts (i.e. The choice among the interest and non-interest based microfinance contracts) is non existent. We do observe studies addressing the choice among the individual and group lending contracts by the microfinance lenders (Gine and Karlan, 2008, Bhole and Ogden, 2010, Madajewicz, 2011). We conducted laboratory experiments with the students of the University of Sydney, Australia during October, 2013. In our study, there were four treatments and the subjects were offered the loan under the group liability scheme. A pair of two subjects constituted a group and there were 74 groups in total (148 subjects). In the first treatment, subjects can choose to monitor their partner’s repayment actions, then they were required to choose a contract from the given two contracts (PLS and IB). After choosing the contracts, they were recording their repayment actions. In the second treatment, subjects were allowed to go for monitoring, but they were not allowed to choose the contracts rather the experimenter had allocated the both PLS and IB contracts randomly and evenly. With the third treatment, there was no monitoring choice available to the subjects, but they were allowed to choose from the PLS and IB contracts. In the fourth and last treatment, subjects were neither allowed to monitor, nor allowed to choose from the PLS and IB contracts, the contacts were allocated by the experimenter in a randomly and evenly way. There were five rounds for each treatment and after every round the subjects were swapped randomly and it was ensured that the same subject should not be the matched with the other more than once. The subjects were able to identify their group partner through their roll numbers, but they cannot see and talk to him. There was a monitoring fee[2] for all those subjects who were opting to monitor their group partner. Yet, while monitoring they can impose penalty on to their defaulted partner. The decision of monitoring or otherwise was a common knowledge for both the group partners. This experimental study was conducted to address the following research questions. Whether peer monitoring and peer pressure (imposition of penalty) affect the repayment rates positively? Are there any choice preferences for PLS and IB contracts? How choice of the contracts affects the repayment rates? Are there any gender specific differences in repayment rates? Whether the degree of religiosity affects the repayment behavior of the subjects? In summary, our results indicated that the monitoring had a significantly positive effect on the loan repayment rates in both with and without choice of contract cases. There were significantly higher proportion of subjects, choosing the PLS contact against the IB contract. Although, there was a high preference for PLS contracts, but at the same time we did not notice any change in repayment rates for both PLS and IB contracts. Moreover, we noticed lower repayment rates in no monitoring with no selection of contract treatment. We did not observe any gender related differences. Also the results revealed that the degree of religiosity was not affecting the repayment behavior of the subject. For the empirical analysis of this experimental work, we used the percentages to analyze the repayment rates. Paired t-test and McNemar’s test were also applied to examine the differences in behavioral responses of subjects across treatments. Finally, we applied panel logit regression methodo logy to check the significance of monitoring choices against the no monitoring cases and PLS contract against the IB contract in the presence of demographic and other control variables. The rest of the chapter continues as follows. Section 2 gives a literature overview. Section 3 describes the experimental contracts, design and execution. Results are discussed in Section 4 and in Section 5, we analyze the results and concluded the study. RELATED LITERATURE Microfinance gained popularity and appreciation over the past three decades for its mechanism of offering small loan to those poor people who were generally excluded from the provision of formal credit facilities. The microfinance use its innovative lending methodology in the presence of incomplete information of the clients and non availability of physical collateral. Generally, lending techniques adopted by the MFIs were individual or group lending. The group lending can be used as screening tools whereas, the joint liability could work as the monitoring device within the group. Nevertheless, the group lending and joint liability programs of micrfinance are considered as efficient instruments in the expansion of credit facility to the poor (Morduch, 1999: Armendariz and Morduch, 2005). Under the group lending strategy, all the members of the group were provided with the micro loans in their individual capacity. All the group members were then made jointly responsible for the repayment of the each other’s loan in case of default, also future they were denied from any loan facility by the MFIs (Morduch, 1999 : Ghatak and Guinnane, 1999). It had been argued that the success of the group lending strategy has been the outcome of various reasons. Firstly, the screening of the clients by the group members, this helps in selecting the credible and trustworthy persons in the group. Secondly, the group members keep a proper check on the utilization of the loan and also they keep on observing the efforts of each of their partners have exerted in order to make his investment project successful. Lastly, each group member faces a peer pressure from his partner which forces them to comply with the repayment conditions of the loan, along with peer pressure the group members have to face social pressure from their society they were living which enforces the contract conditions of loan repayment. In this way it became possible for the lenders to shift their burden on to the borrowers and the problems occurred due to incomplete information can be handled at the borrowers end (Microcredit Summit Compaign, 2005). In the existing literature, there are a number of works explaining the positive impacts of microfinance programs for the small line and investment activities. It has also been pointed out that the implications of microfinance programs kept on varying from borrower to borrower and repayment behavior was not same across the borrowers (Cr ´epon et al. (2011); Banerjee et al. (2010)). On the other hand, there are studies focusing on the merits and demerits of group/joint-liability loans and stressed that the joint liability loans were successful in increasing the repayment rates (Banerjee et al. (1994); Van Tassel (1999); Wydick (2001)). Entirely the same, it had also been mooted by a number of researchers that the espousal of a group or joint liability loans may lead to increase the risk loving behavior among the borrowers. They may put in a much riskier projects because the repayment responsibilities had been portioned out among the group member. The building of this attitude potenti ally invites the free-riders (Gine et al. (2010); Fischer (2010); Barboni et al. (2012)). There have been a number of factors addressed in the literature which could involve the repayment behavior of the individuals positively. Such as monitoring either by the lender or by the group members, peer pressure and peer sanctioning, social affiliations among the group members, opportunity for future loans, group size and lower tier of interest rates (Floro and Yotopoulos, 1991, Wydick, 1996, Wydick, 1999). Gin and Karlan (2010) conducted randomized field experiments in the Philippines over a point of three years found that group liability affected the development and advancement of the microfinance program exerting extreme social pressure on the group members, resulting in discouraging the good willing clients to adopt. They likewise did not notice any difference in repayment rates for both individual liability and group liability cases. Ghattak and Guinnane (1999) has given a comprehensive analysis on the effect of screening, monitoring and enforcement in group lending. They also observed that the lender’s cost of group screening, monitoring and enforcement can be reduced if they follow the group liability strategy. It has also been argued that in a group or joint liability cases where the default or failure to repay the loan will affect all the group members, including the defaulting member (as everyone in the group has to pay back the loan) and the whole group will stand disqualified for the future borrowing will encourage the group members to monitor each other. In this way, the group lending has the potential to increase the repayment rates. However, it has been viewed that even in the group lending case the monitoring and enforcement through imposition of penalties are costly, but at the same time effective in reducing the lender’s risk, due to shifting of responsibility on to the group members (S tiglitz, 1990: Varian, 1990). The researchers have consistently argued that the controls or restrictions like peer monitoring by the group members, restriction on further loan payment to the defaulter, social pressure from community through close knit social ties and effective monitoring by the MFIs on the individual as well as group borrowers could potentially increase the chances of loan repayment (Abbink et al., 2006a; Gine and Karlan, 2010; Cassar et al., 2007; Karlan, 2007). In a recent study by Al-Azzam et al., (2012), inferred that peer pressure on the fellow counterpart within a group could result in a higher rate of payment. [1] For example, Armendariz , 1999 and Rai and Sjostrom, 2004. [2] See Section 3.2 for details.

Restaurant Business Plan

Confidentiality Agreement The undersigned reader acknowledges that the information provided in this business plan is confidential; therefore, the reader agrees not to disclose it without the express written permission of . It is acknowledged by the reader that information to be furnished in this business plan is in all respects confidential in nature, other than information that is in the public domain through other means, and that any disclosure or use of this confidential information by the reader may cause serious harm or damage to .Upon request, this document is to be immediately returned to >. Signature: Name: Amanda Walsh David Cagney Date This is a business plan. It does not imply offering of securities. (1) Executive Summary The Grab: Do you want to expand your horizons when it comes to good quality Italian cuisine? The Taster offers you the opportunity to sample food before ordering off the menu free of charge. They recognized that people stick to their comfort zone when it comes to ordering food in restaurants and wanted to change this by letting the customers excite their taste buds.The Problem: A problem the restaurant is preparing to face is to distinguish between serious customers who have an interest in trying new cuisines and customers who come into the restaurant and take advantage of the service in a negative way and don’t appreciate the offer that is provided. This problem could have serious repercussions and affect the profit of the business significantly and therefore must be controlled. The Solution: The solve this issue the staff have to monitor the customers closely, allowing customers limited samples of the food to ensure they don’t fill up on free samples and leave.The chef’s responsibility is to ensure each customer only receives a bite size amount of the food, over indulging the customers will eat into the profits and defeat the purpose of the service provided. The Opportunity: It can be rather challenging to tar get different market segments simultaneously but at The Taster restaurant we are planning on catering to a wide customer base. We segmented the market according to Geographic, Demographic and Psychographic.Our market size is relatively small in comparison to world wide international restaurant chains for example the Hard Rock cafà © however we do have the potential to grow in the market and expand our business in Ireland and possibly the United Kingdom. Your Competitive Advantage: Currently there are six other restaurants in the area and it puts the Taster in direct competition with Casa Pasta & Pizza. The menus that the two restaurants offer are very similar as they are both Italian cuisines however the taster has an advantage over them as they have a potential unique selling point of sampling the food as mentioned above.The Model: The Taster aim to generate revenue from their target market by creating a ground-breaking, unique restaurant with a relaxed sophisticated atmosphere th at will clearly differentiate the restaurant from others. The main goal is to use nothing but high quality fresh Italian ingredients and to approach each customer with the highest standard of service imaginable all of the time with none expectations what so ever. This makes the restaurant scalable as it has the potential to generate growth in the revenues considerably faster than its cost base.The Team: The team at The Taster have the ability to achieve all the goals and succeed in the business and it grows and becomes more successful. When hiring staff for the restaurant only qualified, trained and experienced people will be made part of the team. Highly motivated and enthusiastic people will be favoured. Additional training will be provided as the restaurant wants the highest level of customer service and for customers needs to be dealt with before the customer even anticipates them to allow them to have an incredible dining experience.Financials: Our financial projections for the first five years are as follows. The key driver to succeed is that the company needs to successfully operate through the first year in order to provide adequate cash flow to be self-sufficient in year two. The Ask: The initial financing available to the company in addition to the capital contributions from the owners, will allow The Taster to successfully open and maintain operations for the initial five years of business and offer the customers in the Donnybrook area a unique dining experience.Start-up costs and initial financing are as follows. Jane Ericson will be investing $20,000 of savings and guaranteeing a loan for another $30,000 with personal assets. In addition, the business will receive an interest-free loan from a family member of $10,000, to be repaid within the first year. (figures to be changed) (2) Team and company The Taster was founded in 2011 by Amanda Walsh and David Cagney who are the two joint investors in the project. They created Italian restaurant that off ers customers fresh homemade Italian food at a reasonable price.There is also the opportunity for the customer to taste a bite sized amount of the food if they are unsure before ordering. They will offer a few different types of menus depending on the day of the week and time of day including lunch and early bird menus during the week and set menus and lunch menus at the weekend. The Taster will be open seven days a week, serving lunch and early bird menus Monday till Thursday and set menus and al la carte menus Friday till Sunday. What relevant experience has the team got? David Cagney has been working as a bar man for the past two years in the Aviva Stadium.He has recently graduated from the Aviva Academy which was a significant achievement as he was picked from a group of one hundred applicants out of two hundred. David has also worked as a part-time waiter in Foleys Bar, near Stephens Green and in Graingers along the Malahide road. Amanda has over two years’ experience as a chef and a waitress for the Bad Ass Cafà © in Temple Bar. As we have both have experience in the hospitality industry, their skills complement each other which makes it easier to occasionally share ideas and views on how to take their business proposition to the next level.What are the gaps in the team? Both members of the team are very weak when it comes to the financial aspects of setting up a business. They contracted professional accounts to help with this aspect of the business as it is a very important. The businesses needed someone to draw up a cash flow, profit and loss account and a balance sheet for their financial projections. Has the team worked successfully in the past? The team have not worked with each other in the past, except for the development of their feasibility study.Despite the fact that they have never worked with each other they are making significant progress and working alongside each other throughout the project. Are they well known in the industry? T he team are currently not well known in the industry as they have never worked with each other in order to make a name for themselves. They are confident that their ideas will satisfy customers’ expectations and will make their dining experience a pleasant one, one which they will want to go back and tell all their friends and family about. Who has the experience with solving this customer problem?The team will only gain this experience by actually going out and setting up the business, with the skills they have picked whilst working in the hospitality sector. Who has experience selling competitive offerings to this market? Both Amanda and David have limited experience on how to sell competitive offerings, although they have some knowledge in relation pricing strategies from their marketing studies.They believe that how they’ll price their menus as opposed to other Italian restaurants in the market i. e. , Casa Pasta and Pizza, will be vital in the early stages of thei r launch. 3) Product and market The opportunity problem: Value proposition: The Taster restaurant satisfies the customers’ needs of eating out and gives them the knowledge they need behind them when ordering food. Waiters can be very vague when describing the taste of the dishes that customers are curious about and a lot of times have never tasted the foods themselves. The Tasters gives the diners an opportunity to try the foods so they can have their own opinion and peace of mind when a ordering a new dish or something a bit different, so they know exactly what they are getting.This business goal could generate potential customers in the long run through word of mouth and effective advertising as it has many benefits to the customer. It allows customers to try new foods and avoids them been left with a full meal they won’t enjoy which saves them money on wasted food. The customer: The Taster has created a market for several different categories of customers. The indiv idual people that go for lunch or dinner by themselves usually during or after office hours. Families and friends who dine together for lunch or dinner usually on a Sunday, they intend to make Sundays a very family orientated day.Couples usually go out on a Friday or Saturday night for a romantic meal. To encourage as many couples as possible they plan on having a set menu for two people including a bottle of wine. And finally People on a budget, they took into consideration the recession and that a lot of people are on a budget now so they created an early bird menu from Monday to Thursday to cater for these people on a low budget and hopefully fill the restaurant during the week on nights that it wouldn’t necessarily be busy .The Market: The Taster is faced with the exciting opportunity of being the first restaurant to be able to sample the food before ordering. This concept puts them in a great place in the market and gives them the potential to become a huge success. Ther e isn’t a huge market as we can only reach a percentage of the country but there is huge potential for the market to grow at a steady pace as the restaurants expand, every five years if all goes to plan. There is no shortage of restaurants in the Dublin four area, which puts The Taster in a competitive market.According to Porter’s five force model The Taster is structurally attractively as they have an advantage over their rivals in relation to changing price with their set menus and the fact they can differentiate their product from others in the market with similar establishments. Market size: Market context: Here is the pest analysis for The Taster restaurant. All of these factors are inevitable and cannot be changed by the restaurant * The political factors include Government regulations for food preparation has been put to place to ensure the safety of customers in the restaurants.Food safety authority of Ireland has put a procedure called HACCP into place to regu late this. The government have full control over tax and vat rates. For the initial set up of the restaurant high interest rates might discourage us from borrowing money from a financial institution because it costs so much to borrow. * Economic factors are Inflation, which will increase the amount of wages for employees and automatically increase the business expenses as wages is one the highest expenses in a business. Eating ut in restaurants isn’t an essential it’s a luxury that many people in this economic climate cannot avail of as they have lack of disposable income. * Social factors include the huge increase in health awareness and people concern more about their diet and lifestyle.The Taster took this into consideration when creating their menu and included many healthy options to choice from. Over the past few years the media have put a lot of attention on healthy living and healthy life styles. The chefs had to take this into account when we are preparing the food in the kitchen.A lot of woman are now working full and part time and not staying at home so there is a huge decrease in the amount of people cooking at home as it is more convenient to eat out and get take- aways. * Technological factors in the restaurant have made significant changes for example when an employee puts a customer’s order into the till the order is sent directly to the kitchen so it saves time. The process of ordering food is made simply and efficient as the chefs can make food orders online. This allows them to order exact quantities of food at any given stage during the day even on weekends.Handheld computer devises also allows staff members to take orders quicker and not have to write it down, not only does this save on paper it also like the till sends orders directly to kitchen. Competitive positioning and advantage: The Taster’s positioning in the market will generate sales against the competition and give them a competitive edge over the oth er establishments. By offering the consumers a unique product, along with outstanding service, The Taster will stand out in comparison to the competition which is an attractive prospect for potential investors to the restaurant.Currently there are six other restaurants in the area and we are in direct competition with Casa Pasta & Pizza. They also have lunch specials and early bird menus to attract customers. The foods we are providing are very similar because they are both Italian so we have obvious similarities in the menus. The competitors will respond to a new restaurant opening in the market by been even more competitive with prices, quality and the service. They have an advantage over the direct competition that competes with what they are offering as they have a unique set up in the restaurant as it provides customers with samples of the food.They also have the advantage that they have a variety of food menus on offer to compete in the recession and cater for most people†™s budgets. The one disadvantage that The Taster has over the competition is that the other restaurants are well known and well established in the market place and have a regular customer base. Competitive Advantage: As mentioned above The Taster intends on competing with the competition by been unique, competitively priced, produce dishes from the finest freshest ingredients and serve the dishes with the highest standard of quality. Risk Factors: Risk| Comment/mitigation|What if there are customers that come in and try our food and samples and walk out? | We will not only rethink the way we produce our cuisine, but we will also rethink how we make our dining service more attractive. | What if a lot of disinterested passers are attracted by the offer and will go in and take the food samples and are generally being very messy? | They will have to look into hiring security in order to manage any antics that might occur from the disinterested people. | How will the restaurant fair wi th the Italian restaurant across the road and the ones in town?This risk is somehow too vague to consider quite just yet, although it will turn into a concern later on. | What will happen if the restaurant can’t manage to balance revenue from our expenses? | This is a possible problem that may occur in the early stages of the business if they don’t manage their expenses well. | What will happen if the main suppliers go out of business for whatever reasons? | They will have to figure out a way of contracting a back-up supplier in the likely event of something as unfortunate ever happening. | Exit StrategyThe Exit Strategy is one of the most important parts in the business. The company needs to ensure that the exit of the company and handing it over to another investor is successful. A plan has to be put into place to make the transition successful according to the company’s circumstances and any requirements that an individual shareholders of the company may have . Assuming The Taster turns into a successful business they intend on selling all of their assets and dividing the finance accumulated among the shareholders in proportion with the money they initially invested into the company.They are assuming they won’t be in debt and each shareholder receives a desirable profit from the business venture. The Taster exit strategy could be due to the liquidation of the company, the sale of the company or the strategic alliance with a partnering company. Although they are assuming they will be success they have to discuss all possibilities and outcomes with the investors to show them what will happen in the worst case scenario and inform them of all risks that are attached. The investors will review all risks and rewards and make a final decision if they want to invest into the company.

Civil Rights Movement Essay

The civil rights movement in the United States was a political, legal, and social struggle that was organized primarily by black Americans with some help from white America. The civil rights struggle was aimed at gaining full citizenship and racial equality for all Americans, particularly the most discriminated group, African Americans, and was first and foremost a challenge to segregation. Segregation was deeply embedded in the South and was used to control blacks since the reconstruction of the South following the American Civil War. During the civil rights movement, individuals and organizations challenged segregation and discrimination by using a number of methods that included protests, marches, boycotts, and refusing segregation laws. Most historians agree that the civil rights movement began with either the Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 or the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955 and ended with the Voting Rights Act of 1965; however, there is a lot of debate on when it began a nd ended. There were civil rights issues well into the 1980s. The main tool of discrimination against blacks in the United States was segregation, often called the Jim Crow system. Segregation became common in the South after the Reconstruction when the Democratic Party had gained control of the South and started to reverse black advances made during reconstruction. Jim Crow laws emerged and effectively segregated every aspect of life for blacks in the South. This segregation included, but was not limited to, separate schools, transportation, restaurants, and parks, many of which were inferior to white establishments. In theory, the black and white establishments were to be equal. The denial of voting rights, known as disfranchisement, is how the South controlled segregation. Between 1890 and 1910 virtually all the Southern states passed laws imposing requirements for voting that kept the black voter out. Some of these requirements included, the ability to read and write, property ownership, and paying poll taxes; all these tactics were in direct violation of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Blacks were virtually powerless, because they could not vote there was nothing they could do to prevent the segregation of the South. Conditions in the North were slightly better, blacks could vote but there were so few blacks in the North before World War II that their votes barely counted, furthermore, even though segregated facilities in the North did not exist legally, most blacks were denied access to the more affluent facilities. There were civil rights movements prior to the 1960s. The National Afro-American League was formed in 1890 followed by the Niagara Movement in 1905, and then the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909, the NAACP was to have a great impact on the civil rights movement of the 1960s and still continues to exist today. The NAACP became one of the most important organizations that championed civil rights in the twentieth century and relied on a legal strategy that challenged segregation and discrimination against blacks by using the American legal system. There were many cases that the NAACP fought in court that set the precedence for the legal battles during the civil rights movement that would take place twenty to thirty years later. Although the legal battles fought by the NAACP in the 1920s and 1930s did little to change discrimination against blacks they did lay the foundation for a legal and social challenge to the system the South had built. After two world wars and a nationwide depression the civil rights movement that most Americans are familiar with began to emerge. The great depression which devastated the United States in the late 1920s caused a migration of black Americans from the South to other parts of the country, this migration exposed many of them to different views on segregation and discrimination, many of these blacks from the South became the civil rights activist of the 1960s. World War II also caused migrations of large number of blacks within the United States as many blacks found themselves moving up the social ladder as they took over war essential factory jobs. On the other hand, the return of black soldiers that had a new outlook on social and racial equality in the United States most likely was one of the biggest factors that caused the civil rights movements of the 1960s. Not just black Americans were affected by these events; there were many white Americans, even in the South that felt a change was needed. One such white southerner, Harold Fleming wrote: It wasn’t that I came to love Negroes; it was that I came to despise the system that did this. I mean, the nearest thing you could be in the army to being black was to be a company officer with black troops, because you lived and operated under the same circumstances they did, and they got crapped all over . . . You were sort of a second-class officer or a second-class white because of your assignment. Fleming was a conventional white southerner born in Atlanta, Georgia, after he became involved in civil rights issues and according to Fleming, many of his white southern contemporaries would say, â€Å"You ought to know better, being a native-born Georgia white.† With all these factors in place, the civil rights movement in America emerged around the mid 1950s. On 17 May 1954, after hearing arguments on five cases that challenged elementary and secondary school segregation, the United States Supreme Court issued a landmark ruling in Brown v. Board of Education that stated racially segregated education was unconstitutional. Although this was an historic ruling that essentially voided the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling of 1896 that established the separate but equal doctrine which was so prevalent in the South. The fundamental problem with the Brown v. Education was that the U.S. Supreme Court did not have a plan to enforce this ruling. The ruling stated that the school cases were class actions and that left the states with the enforcement of this ruling, the court wrote, â€Å"because of the wide applicability of this decision, and because of the great variety of local conditions, the formulation of decrees in these cases presents problems of considerable complexity.† At first white Southerners received this ruling with shock, however, by 1955 white opposition had grown into a massive resistance with organizations like the White Citizens Council; this council called for the economic coercion of blacks and whites who favored integrated schools. Schools in the South remained desegregated; this desegregation became a national issue when the governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus openly defied a federal court order to admit nine black students to a Little Rock high school on 2 September 1957. The media dramatized the seriousness of desegregation by showing the nation pictures of an American high school being patrolled by federal troops so that black students could be protected from angry white mobs. The civil rights movement quickly moved beyond school desegregation to challenge other unjust institutions in the South. It was Rosa Parks, a member of the Montgomery, Alabama NAACP, who refused to give up her seat to a white person on 1 December 1955; the Montgomery bus boycott that brought the city of Montgomery, Alabama to its knees had begun. Parks was arrested and the black community leaders rallied local blacks to protest segregated buses; this local protest evolved into a national boycott that involved support of over 50,000 blacks and lasted over a year and showed the American public the determination of the blacks to end segregation. During the Montgomery bus boycott the most influential civil rights leader emerged; Martin Luther King, Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) became, undeniably, the most important figure throughout the civil rights movement. It was King who seemed to have a master plan for the boycott, he emphasized keeping the struggle within the law and advocated nonviolence to achieve the goals of the civil rights movement. During the Montgomery bus boycott, King stated: We are not asking for an end to segregation, that’s a matter for the legislature and the courts. We feel that we have a plan within the law. All we are seeking is justice and fair treatment . . . We don’t like the idea of Negroes having to stand when there are vacant seats. We are demanding justice on that point. King’s and other black leaders along with the protestors of the Montgomery bus boycott hard work eventually paid off, in November 1956, a federal court ordered that Montgomery’s buses desegregate. The Montgomery bus boycott was one of the milestones of the civil rights movement because it established a national civil rights movement that recognized King as the leader and showed that nonviolent protest would work. Four black college students from North Carolina A & T University sat at a white only lunch counter on 1 February 1960 in Greensboro, North Carolina to protest racial segregation; within weeks, these student â€Å"sit-ins† had spread across the South to many cities as a form of protest. In April 1960, The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was founded to help organize and direct the student â€Å"sit-in† movement; SNCC would eventually move into other areas of the civil rights movement. Because SNCC focused on making changes at the local level rather than the national level, many of the accomplishments of this organization did not become nationally known. The â€Å"sit-ins† did make the national news media and it was the New York Times that brought it to a national level. The New York Times published an article that interviewed the store superintendent and the students, the article also told of how white teenagers and Ku Klux Klan (KKK) members tried to bar the way on the fifth day of the Greensboro â€Å"sit-in.† It was the well spoken black student Ezall Blair who told the newspaper on the second day that the students had been â€Å"complacent and fearful† the previous day and that they decided that morning that is was time for black students to â€Å"wake up and change the situation.† By November 1960, one hundred and fifty-five communities across the South had television crews that were filming the demonstrations and the injustice that the students faced, white America, through the use of the mass media was seeing the same scenes over and over and for the first time witnessed segregation in the South; the scenes shown were of students patiently waiting to get served, angry white hecklers, and carloads of students being taken to jail by police. White students joined in, and in the North, many students boycotted the larger stores in the North that had lunch counters in the South, such as Woolworths. The culmination of the â€Å"sit-ins† occurred in Nashville, Tennessee, when, surprisingly, an unlikely ally emerged for the â€Å"sit-ins.† The mayor of Nashville, Ben West, announced that lunch counters in Nashville would not be segregated. When asked why he made that decision, West replied, â€Å"I could not agree that it was morally right for someone to sell them merchandise and refuse them service . . . It was a moral question that a man has to answer, and not a politician.† The â€Å"sit-ins† clearly demonstrated to America that young blacks and whites were determined to reject segregation openly and together. After the â€Å"sit-ins† many of the SNCC members began to participate in freedom rides that started in the summer of 1961, these â€Å"Freedom Riders,† both black and white, traveled the south in buses to test a 1960 Supreme Court decision that stated segregation was illegal in bus stations that were open to interstate travel. These freedom rides were organized by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and started in Washington, D.C., as the buses moved south more violence was directed towards them. This violence peaked when in Birmingham and Montgomery, Alabama, buses were burned and the riders beaten. As a result of the freedom rides, the Attorney General’s Office realized that the Supreme Court decision in the Boynton v. Virginia was not enough to end discrimination on the Interstates and bus stations. In November 1963, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the administration of President John Kennedy intervened and regulations were issued. By 1963, the Attorney General was able to say, â€Å"Systematic segregation of Negroes in interstate transportation has disappeared.† While the freedom rides and â€Å"sit-ins† were happening, SCLC leaders, under the guidance of King, were planning a series of protest campaigns that would happen throughout Southern cities, these campaigns were to be highly publicized and were to break the barriers of age, social status, and race. The demonstrations were to be against racial injustice and required the mobilization of thousands of peaceful demonstrators, both black and white, who were willing to participate in protest marches as long as necessary and who were also willing to be arrested and go to jail to achieve their goals. The first direct action protest took place in the spring of 1961 at Albany, Georgia. The presence of King and other SCLC leaders escalated the Albany protests by bringing national attention to Albany, however, after months of protests the police continued to jail protestors without a show of police violence and the protests ended in failure. The protests continued across the South with see mingly little success. In the spring of 1963, SCLC’s direct action protests finally saw success; sadly, this success was at the expense of many protesters of whom some were elementary age school children. After mass demonstrations had been conducted for several days in Birmingham, Alabama, SCLC begin to send children in to the protests, some of them as young as six. The Birmingham police chief, Eugene Connor, jailed thousands of them and provoked the outrage of parents and caused the media to give undivided attention to the Birmingham protest, this is what King needed to be successful. The next day more children marched and Connor reacted with violence; photographs of high pressure fire hoses and police dog attacks released on peaceful demonstrators appeared on national and international media, producing an international outcry. Eventually some protestors began to fight back and the state police were called in, King called for a twenty-four hour truce. The next day, On 9 May 1963, King announce an agreement with some white business leaders of Birmingham; they agreed to the desegregation of some public facilities within ninety days, progress in hiring and promotion, the release of arrested protestors, and a biracial committee. Birmingham mayor, Art Hanes called the white negotiators â€Å"a bunch of quisling, gutless traitors,† King stated that the settlement was â€Å"the most significant victory for justice we’ve ever seen in the Deep South.† The civil rights movement direct action marches, for the most part, ended with the march on Washington D.C. In August 1963, over 200,000 civil rights supporters conducted a peaceful march in Washington, D.C.; it was at this demonstration that King gave his famous â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech.† Because of this march, President Kennedy proposed a new civil rights law; after Kennedy was assassinated, President Lyndon B. Johnson pushed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 through Congress as a tribute to Kennedy. The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), SNCC, SCLC, CORE, and NAACP all joined forces in 1964 to work towards establishing voter’s rights for blacks, particularly in the South. Voting rights issues have always been an objective of the civil rights movement, in fact, after the â€Å"sit-ins† and freedom rides, SNCC focused most of their attention on establishing voter’s rights and educating blacks on how to vote. It was most likely the combination of a series of deaths of civil rights workers in the South, and the MFDPs arrival at the Democratic National Convention of 1964 that caused all the different civil rights organizations to work together towards voting rights; It may also have been that simply voter’s rights was the last major obstacle to overcome. It was on 22 August 1964, during the Democratic National Convention, that MFDP member Fannie Lou Hamer, who was from a Mississippi sharecropper family, addressed the nation on national television. Hamer’s sincere and articulate speech made supporters for black voting rights all over the nation. President Johnson, who did not support the MFDP, tried to detract attention from Hamer by conducted a last minute press conference on national television as Hamer was giving her testimony; his ploy did not work. President Johnson recognized the support Hamer was getting and was willing to compromise and recognized the predominately black MFDP. It was the Selma, Alabama march on 7 March 1965 that was the final event to cause the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to happen. SCLC employed direct action techniques in a voting rights protest initiated by SNCC in Selma, when these protest were unsuccessful the protesters began a march to Montgomery, Alabama. As the marchers were leaving Selma, mounted police used tear gas and batons to beat down marchers and others who were not part of the march, this became known as â€Å"Bloody Sunday.† Because the march was televised, the violence shocked many Americans and caused a much-needed national support for a law to protect the Southern blacks’ right to vote. On 15 March 1965, President Johnson announced that he would send a voting rights bill to Congress. In a televised address to a joint session, Johnson spoke on racial injustices and stated, â€Å"Their cause must be our cause, too. Because it’s not just Negroes, but really it’s all of us, who must overcome the crippling legacy of bigo! try and injustice,† then he shocked the nation by saying, â€Å"And we shall overcome.† Two days later a voting rights bill went to Congress. On 6 August 1965, President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the civil rights movement, according to most historians, ended. Bibliography: Albert, Peter J. and Hoffman, Ronald, eds., We Shall Overcome: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Black Freedom Struggle. New York: Pantheon Books, 1990.

Michigan Compassionate Allowance Information

Michigan Compassionate Allowance Information Could a Compassionate Allowance Help You Get SSD Benefits Sooner? If you have a disability that prevents you from working,  Social Security Disability (SSD) benefits  may provide the lifeline you need to help pay your bills. Unfortunately, the process of applying for and being approved for SSD often means a lengthy wait time that could delay receiving the help you need for months or even years. The stress of waiting can have a negative impact not only on your financial well-being, but on your medical condition as well.For individuals with certain types of disabling conditions, the Social Security Administration’s Compassionate Allowance program can help you get a faster SSD decision, ensuring you get the benefits you deserve in a timeframe that does not wreak havoc on your physical, financial and emotional health.What Is the Compassionate Allowances Program?Under the rules and regulations of the Social Security Administration,  SSD Compassionate Allowances (CAL)  offer a way to quickly identify diseases and medical conditions that qu alify for benefits, without going through the often lengthy medical processes that are usually necessary to determine eligibility. Based on the SSD list of impairments, the program allows those claimants most obviously affected by certain readily diagnosable conditions to receive the standard benefits they are entitled to, but in an expedited manner. As a result, you may get the compensation you need to provide for yourself and your loved ones faster, without the usual hassles that often delay these types of claims.Types of Conditions That May QualifyThe types of diseases and illnesses that are selected to qualify for expedited benefits are determined through public hearings and input from the community, as well as from medical and scientific experts, and research conducted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).Under the  Social Security Compassionate Allowances guidelines, these include conditions such as the following examples:Autoimmune disordersCertain types of cancer and blood diseasesCardiovascular diseases and strokesAlzheimer’s and dementia-related disordersTraumatic brain injuriesCertain rare diseases and genetic disordersSchizophreniaApplying for a Compassionate AllowanceThere are no special forms or applications to fill out in order to be eligible for SSD Compassionate Allowances. You simply  apply for SSD benefits  under the normal guidelines, and if your condition is one that is approved for CAL, you will be notified and your application will be automatically expedited. The goal of the program is to deliver a faster SSD decision for obvious disabilities, while reducing your overall wait time for disability benefits.How Our Lawyers Can HelpIf you have a condition or illness that has left you with lasting disabilities that prevent you from earning a living,  contact the Disability Attorneys of Michigan  today. Our experienced Michigan Social Security Disability attorneys have the legal knowledge and experience to assist you in getting the benefits you need to be able to meet your expenses while caring for yourself and your condition.We provide aggressive legal representation to help you get your claim approved in the timeliest and most effective manner possible. Minimize the lengthy delays that are so common when dealing with Social Security. Call or contact our office online today for a confidential and free consultation about how we can help you.

At School I Have Been Bullied by a Teacher

At School I Have Been Bullied by a Teacher Hashtag: #EnElColegioTengo (At school I have) Why Some Teachers Crossed the Line? A 14-year old girl in her second year of high school was yelled at, humiliated, and sent out of the room by her well-experienced male science teacher for simply asking stupid questions. Teachers who bullied their students, according to study, were mostly new teachers overwhelmed by frustrations or tenured teachers who were very set in their ways and unwilling to change their traditional coercive teaching practices. A few instances of accidental coercive reaction due to lack of experience and frustrating students’ behavior may be acceptable for new teachers but the bullying male science teacher is a veteran teacher. One explanation is the fact bullying behavior is rooted in personal values, ingrained, and consistent with the way a person understands the world. Since the behavior of tenured teachers served them well in the past and in fact earned them their current position and authority, they see themselves as superior, arrogant and unsympathetic towards â€Å"inferior† students. Study of bullying teachers shows that regardless of frustration or student’s positive behavior, teachers who are more senior, tenured, and experienced teachers routinely practiced bullying behavior. These include habitual utterance of offensive or suggestive language, derogatory or degrading remarks, get involved in coercive sexual behavior, racist and sexist comments, embarrassing, threatening, and intimidating remarks. Moreover, regardless of their position and authority, they engaged in spreading false rumors in an attempt to discredit and socially isolate an individual. Is There a Cure for Teacher’s Bullying Behavior? Connecting with students in both personal and professional manner is often very challenging. The study shows that teachers who cannot control a student displaying negative behavior in class often engage in power struggle until they become frustrated and respond with bullying. For this reason, it may be helpful for teachers to avoid engaging in the power struggle with aggressive or irritating students. Some of the recommended strategies to avoid power struggle is to build a positive relationship with students through caring concern, constructive feedback, and respect. For example, teachers communicating respectfully, paying attention to students concern, acknowledging those with positive behaviors, working with each student to address behavioral problems is unlikely to get negative responses from students. In contrast, those who used force and engaging in the power struggle, make a public scene of a student’s negative behavior, and taking it too personal often form the negative relationship, increased the potential for burnout, frustration, and bullying behavior. The above recommendations are clearly not inapplicable to â€Å"superior† tenured teachers who in a way value their deeply rooted unethical teaching practices. Since the principal in practice avoids dismissing these senior bullies, some of them were reassigned to non-teaching positions where cannot harm students. Other less senior bullies, probably those with potential for change, were sent to some sort of anti-bullying programs aimed at changing their culture, attitudes, feelings, and behavior. In preventing tenured teachers’ bullying, some programs encourage teaching and non-teaching staff to report a teacher bullying a student. Others conducted a student empowerment session aimed at balancing the power inside the classroom. This program in practice promotes awareness of bullying behaviors and their consequences and eventually developed respect between both parties.

Blogging Emerging Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Blogging Emerging Technologies - Essay Example The dynamics of Web 2.0 have been modified to reflect the true purpose of creating new avenues of communication that have never been utilized. The whole essence of Web 2.0 is to generate means of cloud computing in which collaboration and discussion is encouraged. In this particular scenario, blogs can be critical towards achieving Salford Sports Village goals. One of the critical things to implement in order to thrive in blogging is understand search optimization engine key words. In essence, search engines such as Google tend to send â€Å"spider bots† that crawl and search for key words whenever an individual types in the Google search bar. A successful blogger must understand this technique and use it to their advantage. Blogging for this specific purpose is to clearly transition from subject matter to another subject in a very transitive manner. For example, blogging should be conducted and discussing the advantages of sports and community. Using keywords such as sports, community, football, street, parks and recreation, stress reliever can tremendously help. Another huge element towards expanding this horizon is offering free services. For instance, giving a free view of upcoming programs in the community can really engage all the individuals, which can boost clicks on the webpage. The best thing Suzane can do is write something along the lines of â€Å" Today, I have realized that the parks and recreation center needs drastic improvements. I had a brilliant opportunity to visit the Glenside Public District which has transformed the dynamics of their recreation. They have implemented a senior center that has been a catalyst for healthy aging. The kids have an amazing new playground that accommodates to their needs. Moreover, creating a playground for the kids is a long-term investment because it will add value to the community. Since tax money already is allocated, hiring construction workers will also raise employment and the value of the communi ty. One of the key things to exploit is to get sponsorship from outside vendors. Suzanne must overcome the challenge of a budget and seek outside resources through blogs, videos, audio podcasts that will continue to grab attention. Blog post 2 – Write a blog post (100+ words) that embeds a relevant image and/or video combines with text that shows Suzanne Bolt how visual media can help her achieve Salford Sports Village goals, 21 November Deadline for posting for maximum marks (paste the blog post url into the Reflection section of your assignment – see page 3) The best way to advertise oneself is through youtube because of many reasons. First and foremost, Youtube allows individuals to sign up for a policy in which the user uploads videos that Youtube will compensate the user for. Moreover by clicking the subscription button, individuals are allowed to penetrate the online community because people will constantly receive updates on new videos posted. It is crucial that Suzanne continues to make videos that engage people to discuss ideas and

The Experience of Coca-cola in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Experience of Coca-cola in China - Essay Example As with other multinational corporations, Coca-cola was only able to establish its presence the Chinese market through joint ventures. It should be noted that the government of the Republic of China favors the formation of joint ventures between a foreign firm and a local business entity. All over the country, Coca-cola has 24 bottling and two concentrate plants, the former being joint ventures with other organizations. Each of the bottling facilities is co-owned with one of the three state-owned agencies: State Light Industry Bureau, China International Trust and Investment Corp., and China National Cereals, Oils, and Foodstuffs Import and Export Corp. (Weisert, 2001). Coca-cola is also allied by two primary multinational key partners-Swire Pacific and Kerry Beverages Group. These Hong Kong based business institutions serve as the foreign majority partners of Coca-cola of 19 out of 24 bottling facilities. While Swire Pacific is involved in the bottling and distribution of Coca-cola' s product in the Southern and Interior China, Kerry Beverages Group focus on Northern and Interior China (Economic Impact of the Coca-cola System in China, 2000). The success of Coca-cola's operation in the Chinese market is recognized by other international business organizations. Currently, the beverage company accounts for 35% of the total carbonated beverage market. From 1990, Coca-cola reports huge gross profit from its estimated $1.2 billion annual sales. Looking at the economic impact of the multinational's operation in China, Coca-cola is seen to generate employment for 15,000 local workers, provides a $1.1 billion total investment, and augmenting the national income by purchasing $600 million worth of materials from domestic producers and suppliers (Coca-cola Will Plant 1 million Trees in Beijing, 2006). However, the success of Coca-cola is not without a price. For one, the Chinese beverage industry is relatively underdeveloped evidenced by the decrepit bottling facilities. This is even worsened by the tight control of the government on the beverage industry (Weisert, 2001). Initially, Coca-cola is only allowed to import its product and sell them only to foreigners at designated retail outlets. This is a strict policy implemented by the state as it wants only Chinese owned, wholly or partially, business to provide products and services to domestic customers. In 1980, Coca-cola decides to establish its own five bottling plants. However, the Chinese government holds the ownership of these facilities giving the sales and distribution rights to Coca-cola (Weisert, 2001). Technologically speaking, Coca-cola was faced with the dilemma of finding the right suppliers with the high level of technology to suit the company's supply needs. This led to a problem in the domestic network development. Coca-cola was burdened with the problem of finding suppliers for packaging materials, drink ingredients, bottling-line equipment, and construction services. Initially, the multinational opted to import basic materials such as glass and aluminum. Later, the company provided financial and technical assistance to local businesses in order for them to develop their technology. These supports help local suppliers to develop their equipment and enhance quality standards (Weisert, 2001).